Attachment Theory And Development Of Self Concept

Many factors can impact upon the learning process of an individual. Long et al (2010) argues that learning is about changes in the amount or type of knowledge that an individual obtains. Learning shows how an individual has benefitted from an experience and how this impacts on the way they work or act more efficiently as a result of that experience (Long et al 2010). Therefore, learning can be demonstrated by changes in an individual’s strategy or their ability to think differently about a problem which enables them to anticipate specific outcomes leading them to have control over a particular environment (Long et al 2010). This essay intends to explore how attachment theory contributes to the development of self-concept and then discuss how this can impact on an individuals learning. This essay will begin with a definition of attachment, how an attachment a child builds impacts on the development of their self-concept and then how these concepts impact on learning. Attachment theory can be described as having the strongest theoretical influence in the studies of an infant-parent relationship (Bee and Boyd 2003). Lindon (2005) argues that attachment is central in any discussion of a child’s social development: ideas and perspectives have varied since the mid-twentieth century however the consistent theme that emerges through is that early experiences matter. Lindon (2005) puts forward a general definition of attachment suggesting that an attachment is, â€Å"†¦a bond ofShow MoreRelatedInfluences of Attachment Theory on Personality Development 1148 Words   |  5 PagesThe concepts proposed by attachment theory have been very influential to the field of personality psychology. Over the years, many studies have supported the notion that mother-child attachment styles during childhood can impact future styles of behavior. Research conducted by Festa and Ginsburg (2011) examined the impact of parental and peer factors on the developmen t of social anxiety amongst children. Further research conducted by Li and Chan (2012) examined the specific impact of anxiety andRead MoreThe Theory Of Attachment Theory1421 Words   |  6 Pages There are a lot of close relationship theory that are studied in social psychology but one of the main theory is attachment theory. This theory not only provides a framework for understanding emotional reactions in infants but also in love, loneliness, and grief in adults. In adults there are attachment styles that are a type of working model that explains certain behaviors that are developed at infancy and childhood. An infant requires two basic attitudes during their earliest interactionsRead MoreAttachment Theory : A Psychological Model1638 Words   |  7 PagesAttachment theory is a psychological model that provides an influential, biologically driven explanation of how the parent-child interaction emerges and how it influences human development over a life span. The term attachment refers to the complex set of related thought processes and behaviors towards a primary care giver. The attachment behaviors are biologically guided by our natural instinct for protection and safety . This evolved behavioral system organizes human motivation, emotions, cognitionRead MoreThe Dependency Relationship A Child Develops With Her Primary Caregivers1452 Words   |  6 PagesAttachment is a term used to describe the dependency relationship a child develops towards his or her primary caregivers. It is first observable during the latter half of the first year of life and develops progressively over the first four years of life. It is most readily observed in the behavior of children when they are sick, injured, tired, anxious, hungry or thirsty. Although early attachment research focused on the mother and infant, it is now generally accepted that children develop multipleRead MoreSecure Attachment Relationship Between Young Children And Their Families898 Words   |  4 PagesSecure Attachment Relationship The mother is usually the first and primary object of attachment for an infant, but in many cultures, babies become just as attached to their fathers, siblings, and grandparents. When infants are attached to their caregivers, they gain a secure base from which babies can explore their environment and a haven of safety to return to when they are afraid. Attachment begins with physical touching and cuddling between infant and parent. Some babies become secure or insecureRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory And Theory908 Words   |  4 PagesBoth Erik Erikson’s theory and Mary Ainsworth and John Bowlby theory support the idea that early life experiences impact the person across their lifespan. Erikson’s developmental theory discusses the eight stages of life and the forces and values that arise at each stage, which should be developed within this frame. The attachment theory focuses on the interaction an individual has and the impact it may have on their psychological and soci al development. Both theories believe that personality beginsRead MoreReview of Articles on Childrens Developmental Theories761 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Attachment Articles Review We learn not just through being taught explicitly, but also through our growing trust in relationships that allow us to mimic and internalize certain behavior types. Childrens developmental theories explain how attachment is a major part of psychosocial development. Duhn (2010) explains how touch can help augment creation of more positive attachment models like secure attachment, while Brown, Manglesdorf, and Neff (2012) show important fatherly attention is in generatingRead MoreClient Centered Theory Essay1224 Words   |  5 PagesClient Centered Theory Client centered theory was originated by Carl Rogers and is considered to be a humanistic theory of process or evolution (Coady Lehman, 2008). Rogers developed 19 basic premises of personality in which an individual was held to grow through the processes of a reduction in defensive mechanisms and the self-directed development of internal cognizance (Corsini Wedding, 2008/2011). The processes would occur when the theoretical constructs of congruence, acceptance and empathyRead MoreOutline Key Features of the Evolutionary Perspective Explanation of Attachment and Evaluate751 Words   |  4 PagesOutline key features of the evolutionary perspective explanation of attachment and evaluate. An attachment is an emotional bond between two people. It is a two-way process that endures over time. An evolutionary perspective of attachment was researched by the famous John Bowlby in 1969. Bowlby observed both humans and mammals. Bowlby s theory is an evolutionary theory, he emphasised that attachment had evolved, which means it was not something that was taught, because of its survival and reproductiveRead MoreTheories Of Developmental Psychology : Attachment Theory1178 Words   |  5 PagesDescribe and evaluate two theories in developmental psychology Attachment theory, it refers to an affectionate bond. â€Å"A relatively extended and enduring connection with the partner is important as a unique individual is interchangeable with no other† Ainsworth (1989) cited in Gross (2003) hand out in class (03/06/2013).The aim of this attachment is for the infant to remain in close proximity to the attachment figure as she is considered the secure base and the infant would become distressed on separation

John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men - 1319 Words

Bryann Cervantes AP English IV Mrs. Batey Of Mice and Men To most, John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men is a revered novel on racial segregation in the United States. This text has been remarkably controversial because of the way it deals with difficult issues regarding race and the American dream; however, despite its disputable history, it is an incredibly important book that is used to study many aspects of race relations in the United States in the early to mid twentieth century, more specifically during the Great Depression. The purpose of this discussion is to look at the reasons why Of Mice and Men has been banned and is currently banned in certain places around the world. Steinbeck’s remarkable work has earned him a†¦show more content†¦During their adjustment to the farm, the co-workers they meet, warn them to be careful because Candy’s son enjoys beating up big people, probably because he is relatively small himself and jealous.(Steinbeck 45-62). During this time, Lennie and George also ex perience how cruel the real world can be, and realize that even though they are working for basically scraps, they had to settle because their job options were limited. Soon after, Candy’s wife comes looking for him, and Lennie then comments on her beauty to George. George, knowing that this would not end well, quickly reminded Lennie of his previous run in with women and how they were kicked out of the previous city because of it. (Steinbeck 97). George then asks Slim, another ranch worker, if he could have one of his puppies to comfort Lennie because he is getting somber at how the ranch owners are treating him (Steinbeck 101). In some distinct ways, the story â€Å"Of Mice and Men† draws parallels to societal problems of that time. For example Candy, the ranch owner, represents the vicious way that which social power can turn into. Steinbeck is an interesting figure in American literary history because he lived through the Great Depression, as well as World War I. T his is immensely important in his development as a writer because he saw America at its highest and lowest points.Show MoreRelatedJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1248 Words   |  5 PagesIn Steinbeck s novel Of Mice and Men, He uses imagery many times to create a realistic setting and plot. Steinbeck’s depiction of migrant workers and their daily complications during the depression are objectively precise due to his use of imagery with idioms, dreams, nature, loneliness and animal imagery. The main theme of the book transpires to be loneliness and fate. While George and Lennie, the main characters have a synergetic relationship, fate steps in and does away with their dreams, whichRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men897 Words   |  4 Pagesthat we possess. Many people feel certain emotions based on events that have taken place in their lifetime or how they were raised throughout their childhood. In John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, he portrays the feelings of i solation and loneliness in three different characters. George’s isolation is illustrated in Steinbeck’s, Of Mice and Men. George expresses many hard feelings towards Lennie at the opening of this story. â€Å"‘...you’re a lot of trouble,’ said George. ‘I could get along so easy and soRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1243 Words   |  5 Pagesis what John Steinbeck achieves by portraying this through the characters in his novella Of Mice and Men. The main characters are affected by loneliness in their own different way throughout the novella. rf The loneliness is maintained by the challenges that the characters have to face, and they sustain those challenges of being inhumane towards each other. Crook, a figure in the story who experiences discrimination encounters the challenge of race, due to the book’s setting in the 1930’s duringRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1080 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"I want you to stay with me Lennie. Jesus Christ, somebody’d shoot you for a coyote if you was by yourself.† The novel Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck shows the relationship between two migrant workers in the 1930s, George and Lennie, along with the other members on the new ranch that they began working on. Georgie and Lennie dreamed of following the American Dream and owning their own patch of land and the novel revolves around the dream and the obstacles that stand in their way. Lennie, a strongRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1286 Words   |  6 PagesThe realistic fiction novella O f Mice And Men by John Steinbeck explains the journey of two migrant farm workers. Lennie and George are forced to overcome the Dust Bowl and The Great Depression around 1938. This makes jobs even harder to come by because everyone wanted one. Lennie and George were kicked out of Weed and they now work at a ranch in Soledad. At the new farm the friendship between Lennie and George becomes harder to maintain. The people on the farm are all different shapes, sizes, andRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men2167 Words   |  9 Pagesjobs. In John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, George Milton and Lennie Small wander through California in search of a new job that would help them make enough money to live their American dream on â€Å"the fatta the lan’†(Steinbeck 14). George and Lennie’s hard work and determination is not enough for them to live their dream. Lennie has a mental disability that slows the two friends down from living their dream; they have to ru n from job to job because of Lennie’s unintentional actions. Steinbeck incorporatesRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1360 Words   |  6 Pagesfeeling, thinking and acting in everyday life. In the story Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, a duo of farmers, George and Lennie, search for work wherever they can. Their dream of having a farm of their own is coming into reach, while George has to wield Lennie away from the temptation of Curley’s wife and the reality of what Lennie can do. John Steinbeck uses characterization to illustrate the nature of human existence. Steinbeck portrays George as a man who tries to help, and helps others soRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1448 Words   |  6 Pages In the novella, Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck discusses the idea of loneliness and how people who work at the ranch have no family and no future in lives. He indicates that all people at the ranch are lonely, but he specifically uses a few characters to highlight their state of being lonely and more miserable than the others. He emphasizes the loneliness of ranch life during the Great Depression, and shows how people are willing to try and find friendship in order to escape from the state ofRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1205 Words   |  5 Pagesand the time period of John Steinbeck s novella, Of Mice and Men, exemplifies the idea that people from minorities are held back from achieving their version of the ‘American Dream’. This goes to prove not everyone will overcome the overbearing tidal waves of their hardship s, which makes the American Dream nothing more than a dream to them. Crooks, the black stable hand, faces discrimination due to his skin color as this unfortunately was common in the 1930’s. John Steinbeck uses Crooks’ situationRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men968 Words   |  4 PagesSolidifying the theme of John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, the protagonist George expresses his significant loneliness despite a strong kinship with his friend Lennie, â€Å"’I ain’t got no people†¦ I seen the guys that go around the ranches alone. That ain’t no good’† (41). Published in 1937, amidst the horrific turmoil of the Great Depression, Steinbeck’s novella struck a sensitive chord with readers. Set in the heart of California’s Central Valley, this story follows two men, George and Lennie, as they

Asian Paints Hr Strategy Free Essays

ASIAN PAINTS LIMITED CODE OF CONDUCT FOR EMPLOYEES Page 1 of 11 Asian Paints – Confidential 14 January 2011 1. INTRODUCTION Asian Paints Limited (the Company) is committed to good corporate governance and has consistently maintained its organisational culture as a remarkable confluence of high standards of Professionalism, Growth, and Building Shareholder Equity with principles of Fairness, Ethics and Corporate Governance in spirit. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Asian Paints Hr Strategy or any similar topic only for you Order Now APPLICABILITY OF THIS CODE Ethical business conduct is critical to our business. As an organisation, we have taken it upon us to lay down this Code of Conduct for all our employees to uphold our commitment to ethical conduct. All the employees of the Company and the employees of its subsidiaries are therefore, expected to read and understand this Code, uphold these standards in day-to-day activities, and comply with: all applicable laws; rules and regulations; and all applicable policies and procedures adopted by the Company that govern the conduct of its employees and to ensure that the various stakeholders of the Company are aware, understand and comply with these standards. Nothing in this Code or in any related communications (verbal or written) thereto shall constitute or be construed to constitute a contract of employment for a definite term or a guarantee of confirmed employment. All the employees of the Company shall affirm compliance with the code on an annual basis. 3. HONEST AND ETHICAL CONDUCT The Company expects all the employees to act in accordance with the highest standards of personal and professional integrity, honesty and ethical conduct, whenever the Company’s business is being conducted or at any place where such employees are representing the Company. The Company considers honest conduct to be conduct that is free from fraud or deception. The Company considers ethical conduct to be conduct conforming to the accepted professional standards of conduct. Ethical conduct includes ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships. Page 2 of 11 Asian Paints – Confidential 14 January 2011 4. RELATIONSHIP WITH THE COMPANY Conflict of Interest The employees of the Company shall not generally engage in any business, relationship or activity which might detrimentally conflict with the interest of the Company or any of its subsidiaries. The main areas of actual or potential conflicts of interest would include the following: †¢ Financial interest of employees or his relatives, including the holding of an investment in the subscribed share capital of any company or a share in any firm which is an actual or potential competitor, supplier, customer, distributor, joint venture or other alliance partner of the Company. (The ownership of up to 1 per cent of the subscribed share capital of a publicly held company shall not ordinarily constitute a financial interest for this purpose. ) †¢ A employee of the Company conducting business on behalf of his or her ompany, or being in a position to influence a decision with regard to his or her company’s business with a supplier or customer of which his or her relative is a principal, officer or representative, resulting in a benefit to him/her or his/her relative. Notwithstanding that such or other instances of conflict of interest exist due to any historical reaso ns, adequate and full disclosure by the interested employees should be made to the Vice President – Human Resources before any business amounting to an actual or potential conflict of interest is conducted. It is also incumbent upon every employee to make a full disclosure of any interest which the employees or his/her immediate family relatives, (which would include parents, spouse and dependent children) may have in a company or firm which is a supplier, customer, distributor or has other business dealings with the Company before any business is conducted with such a supplier, customer, distributor or business associate. Every such disclosure as mentioned above shall be done in writing and shall be submitted to the Vice President – Human Resources, who in consultation with the Company Secretary/ Compliance Officer and the Managing Director CEO, will communicate to the concerned employee to take necessary action, as advised, to resolve/ avoid the conflict, if any. Any employee’s duty to the Company demands that he or she generally avoids conflicts of interest. If a conflict of interest exists, the Company demands that he/she discloses actual and apparent conflicts of interest in the aforesaid manner. It is a conflict of interest to serve as a director of any Company that competes with the Company. The Company’s policy requires that an employee obtain prior approval from the Board of Directors and the Company’s Audit Committee before accepting such a directorship. Prevention of Fraud Policy: This policy applies to any irregularity, or suspected irregularity, involving employees as well as vendors, contractors, customers and/ or any other entities having a business relationship with the Company. The term fraud comprises the use of Page 3 of 11 Asian Paints – Confidential 14 January 2011 deception with the intention of gaining an advantage, avoiding an obligation or causing loss or has the potential to cause loss to the company by one or more individuals viz. management, employees or third parties. Fraud may include such acts as deception, bribery, forgery, extortion, corruption, theft, conspiracy, embezzlement, misappropriation, false representation, leakage of confidential and sensitive information pertaining to the company, concealment of material facts and collusion. Any act of fraud or corruption in or against the Company or any abetment to such fraud/ corruption will not be tolerated. All employees are required to report frauds and suspicions of fraud. Knowing or wilful failure to report any such matter shall be construed as connivance and may invite disciplinary action. All employees are also required to take the responsibility of detecting and preventing fraud in their areas of work and co-operate fully in the internal checks and investigation of frauds. The Prevention of Fraud policy is available on Egloo at My HR Applications – HR Helpdesk. Receiving and Giving Gifts and Favours: All employees (including their immediate family member) shall not accept or give a gift or favour of any nature from any supplier, vendor, dealer, contractor, customer, competitor or any business associate. This prohibition does not apply to routine two way exchange of normal business courtesies, which might reasonably be expected to be exchanged in the ordinary course of business. These courtesies include business lunch/dinner and exchange of company diaries and calendars, pens with company logo and the like that are not lavish in any way. If a gift is inadvertently received it should be promptly returned with a polite note explaining that it is contrary to the Company policy. Any favour which is inadvertently received or extended is to be brought to the notice of the Vice President – Human Resources immediately. In case of any favour being received or extended in the context of an emergency (e. g. medical emergency), the event of such a favour being received or extended is to be brought to the notice of the reporting manager by the employee. A circular on policy regarding gifts has already been issued to all employees by Human Resources Department. The policy is available on Egloo at My HR Applications – HR Helpdesk. All employees shall conform to the gift policy of the Company. Corporate Opportunities: The employees may not exploit for their own personal gain opportunities that are discovered through the use of corporate property, information or position, unless the opportunity is disclosed fully in writing in the manner as prescribed under this policy. Recruitment of Relatives: Employees are prohibited from influencing the hiring/ recruitment of their relatives in any position with or without remuneration in the organisation. In the event of any relative seeking an opportunity to be employed with the organisation, the concerned employee shall inform the Vice President – Human Resources. The recruitment shall be done as per the rules laid down therein by the Company in conformance with the standards set for recruitment of employees in the Company. Page 4 of 11 Asian Paints – Confidential 14 January 2011 Local Rules and Regulations: Employees are expected to follow all the rules and regulations laid down at their respective workplaces with regard to discipline, workplace timings, dress code, etc. These rules and regulations are made available to the employees at their respective locations. Other Situations: It would be impractical to attempt to list all possible situations. If a proposed transaction or situation raises any questions or doubts they must be resolved after consultation with the Vice President – Human Resources. 5. HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT The Company shall strive to provide a safe and healthy working environment and comply, in the conduct of its business affairs, with all regulations regarding the preservation of the environment of the territory it operates in. The Company shall be committed to prevent the wasteful use of natural resources and minimize any hazardous impact of the development, production, use and disposal of any of its products and services on the ecological environment. Company policy prohibits sexual harassment, harassment based on race, religion, national origin, ethnic origin, color, gender, age, citizenship, veteran status marital status or a disability unrelated to the requirements of the position or any other basis protected by the central, state or local law or ordinance or regulation. If you believe that you have been harassed, submit a complaint to your own or any other company manager. In addition, if you believe you have been sexually harassed, you may submit a complaint to the Vice President – Human Resources. The policy on Prevention of Sexual Harassment is available on Egloo at My HR Applications – HR Helpdesk. 6. RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS The Company reiterates its belief in and adherence to the principles of human rights as enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of the United Nations and to act in accordance with the principles laid down in it. It will also respect and abide by the requirements, in this behalf, of the countries in which it operates. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights of the United Nations is available at the url: http://www. un. org/en/documents/udhr/ 7. ACCOUNTING AND PAYMENT PRACTICES All transactions should be fully and accurately recorded in the Company’s books and records in compliance with all applicable laws. All required information shall be accessible to the company’s auditors and other authorized persons and government agencies. False or misleading entries, unrecorded funds or assets, or payments without appropriate supporting documentation and approval are strictly prohibited and violate Company policy and the law. There shall be no willful omissions of any company transactions from the books and records. Any willful material misrepresentation of and/or misinformation of the financial accounts and reports shall Page 5 of 11 Asian Paints – Confidential 14 January 2011 be regarded as a violation of the Code apart from inviting appropriate civil or criminal action under the relevant laws. Additionally, all documentation supporting a transaction should fully and accurately describe the nature of the transaction and be processed in a timely fashion. Employees are required to ensure that they claims of reimbursement of expenses are based on actual spends and are supported by valid documents as required. Any misrepresentation of facts, false claims or submission of invalid documents shall invite appropriate disciplinary action. 8. MAINTAINING AND MANAGING RECORDS The purpose of this section is to set forth and convey the Company’s business and legal requirements in managing records, including all recorded information regardless of medium or characteristics. These records include paper documents, CDs, computer hard disks, email, floppy disks, microfiche, microfilm or all other media. The Company is required by local, state, foreign and other applicable laws, rules and regulations to retain certain records and to follow specific guidelines in managing its records. Company records: The results of operations and the financial position of the Company must be recorded in accordance with the requirements of law and generally accepted accounting principles. It is Company policy, as well as a requirement of law, to maintain books, records and accounts that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the business transactions and disposition of assets of the Company. The integrity of the Company’s accounting and financial records is based on the accuracy and completeness of the basic information supporting entries to the Company’s books of accounts. The employees involved in creating, processing and recording such information are held responsible for its integrity. Every accounting or financial entry should reflect exactly what is described by the supporting information. There must be no concealment of information from (or by) management, or from the Company’s internal or independent auditors. No payment on behalf of the Company shall be approved or made with the intention or understanding that any part of such payment is to be used for any purpose other than that described by the documents supporting the payment. No false or misleading entries may be made in any books or records of the Company for any reason, and no fund, asset or account of the Company may be established, acquired or maintained for any purpose unless such fund, asset or account is properly reflected in the books and records of the Company. No corporate funds or assets should be used for any unlawful or improper purpose. Revenue and expenses should be properly recognized on a timely basis. Assets and liabilities should be properly recorded and appropriately valued. Page 6 of 11 Asian Paints – Confidential 14 January 2011 9. PROTECTING COMPANY’S ASSETS AND CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION Protecting company assets: The assets of the company should not be misused but employed for the purpose of conducting the business for which they are duly authorised. These include tangible assets such as equipment and machinery, systems, facilities, materials, resources as well as intangible assets such as patents, trademarks, proprietary information, relationships with customers and suppliers, etc. Confidential Information: The Company’s confidential information is a valuable asset. The Company’s confidential information includes product architectures; formulations, trade secrets, manufacturing plans, names of vendors, raw materials used, prices of raw materials, source codes; product plans and road maps; names and lists of customers, dealers, and employees; and financial information and any other information This information is the property of the Company and may be protected by patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret laws. All employees are prohibited from disclosing such information. In case need arises, all confidential information must be used for Company’s business purposes only. Every employee must safeguard it. This responsibility includes not disclosing the Company confidential information over the Internet or otherwise. The employees are also responsible for properly labeling any and all documentation shared with or correspondence sent to outside counsel as â€Å"Attorney-Client Privileged†. This obligation extends to confidential information of third parties, which the Company has rightfully received under NonDisclosure Agreements. Obligations of the employees with respect to Company Confidential Information are: †¢ Not to disclose this information to persons within the Company or outside of the Company without prior approval of the Compliance Officer or Vice – President – Human Resources. Not to use this information for the employee’s own benefit or the benefit of persons outside of Company. †¢ Not to disclose this information to other Company’s employees except on a â€Å"need to know† or â€Å"need to use† basis and then only with a strong statement that the information is confidential. †¢ Company confidential information is not always of a technical nature. Such information can also include business research, new product plans, strategic objectives, any unpublished financial or pricing information, employee, customer and vendor lists and information regarding customer requirements, preferences, business habits and plans. This list, while not complete, suggests the wide variety of information that needs to be safeguarded. †¢ If any employee, his or her obligation to protect Company confidential information continues. Page 7 of 11 Asian Paints – Confidential 14 January 2011 All employees shall not use or proliferate information which is not available to the investing public and which therefore constitutes insider information for making or giving advice on investment decisions on the securities of the Company on which such insider information has been obtained. Such insider information might include the following: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ acquisition and divestiture of businesses or business units; financial information such as profits, earnings and dividends; announcement of new product introductions or developments; asset revaluations; investment decisions/plans; restructuring plans; major supply and delivery agreements’ raising finances The ‘Code of Conduct for Prevention of Insider Trading’ is applicable to Designated Employees as per the SEBI (Prevention of Insider Trading) Regulations. Its objective is to ensure protection of unpublished price-sensitive information and to ensure that the insiders and those covered by the Code of Conduct for Prevention of Insider Trading, who are or are deemed to be in possession of such information, abstain from transacting in the securities of the Company before the same has been communicated in public. The Code of Conduct for Prevention of Insider Trading is available in Egloo at My HR Applications – HR Helpdesk. All employees are expected to read and understand the policy. The Designated Employees are required to read, understand and comply with the said policy and are also required to make necessary disclosures and declarations as specified in the policy. 10. DISCLOSURE TO THE STOCK EXCHANGES AND PUBLIC It is the Company’s policy to provide full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure in reports and documents that are to be filed with or submitted to the stock exchanges where the Company’s shares are listed, statutory authorities and in our other public communications. Accordingly, employees must ensure the compliance with such disclosure controls and procedures. All employees must also respect the confidentiality of information acquired in the course of one’s work except when authorized or otherwise legally obligated to disclose. 11. RESPONDING TO INQUIRIES FROM THE PRESS AND OTHERS The requests for financial or business information about Company from the media, press, financial community, the Securities and Exchange Board of India or other regulators or the public must be referred to the Company Secretary/ Compliance Officer. Page 8 of 11 Asian Paints – Confidential 14 January 2011 12. COMPLIANCE WITH GOVERNMENT LAWS, RULES AND REGULATIONS All employees must comply with all applicable governmental laws, rules and regulations. The employees must acquire appropriate knowledge of the legal requirements relating to their duties sufficient to enable them to recognize potential dangers, and to know when to seek advice from the Legal Department. If the ethical and professional standards set out in the applicable laws and regulations are below that of the code, then the standards of the code shall prevail. 13. SHAREHOLDERS The Company shall be committed to enhance shareholder value and comply with all regulations and laws that govern shareholders’ rights. The Board of Directors of the Company will duly and fairly inform its shareholders about all relevant aspects of the company’s business, and disclose such information in accordance with the respective regulations. 14. FOSTERING COMPETITION The Company will fully support the development and operation of competitive open markets and will promote the liberalization of trade and investment in each country and market in which it operates. The Company or its employee will not engage in restrictive trade practices, abuse of market dominance or similar unfair trade activities in order to secure commercial gain or advantage. The Company will support the development of laws that promote, encourage or result in fair competition. The Company expects all the employees to conduct themselves in accordance with the company’s commitment to foster competition. 15. WHISTLE BLOWER POLICY The objective of this policy is to provide employees and Business Associates a framework and to establish a formal mechanism or process whereby concerns can be raised in line with the Company’s commitment to highest standards of ethical, moral and legal business conduct and its commitment to open communication. The Company shall provide protection to the employees from unethical work practices and irregularities as well as prevent discrimination or retaliation against employees and business associates who report irregularities and also the methods to encourage employees and Business Associates to report evidence of fraudulent activities. The employees can make Protected Disclosures to the Ethics Committee as per the procedure defined in the policy, on becoming aware of any wrongful conduct or activity within 30 days after becoming aware of the same. The identity of the Whistle Blower shall be kept strictly confidential. The Whistle Blower policy is available on Egloo at My HR Applications – HR Helpdesk. Page 9 of 11 Asian Paints – Confidential 14 January 2011 16. VIOLATIONS OF THE CODE It is a part of the employee’s job, and his/her ethical responsibility to help enforce this Code. The employees should be alert to possible violations and report this to the Compliance Officer or the Vice President – Human Resources. The employees should cooperate in any internal or external investigations of possible violations. Actual violations of law, this code, or other Company policies or procedures, should be promptly reported to the Compliance Officer or the Vice President – Human Resources. The Company will take appropriate action against those whose actions are found to violate the Code or any other policy of the Company. 17. WAIVERS AND AMENDMENTS TO THE CODE The Company is committed to continuously reviewing and updating our policies and procedures. Therefore, this Code is subject to modification. Any amendment or waiver of any provision of this Code must be approved in writing by the Company’s board of directors and promptly disclosed on the Company’s website and in applicable regulatory filings pursuant to applicable laws and regulations, together with details about the nature of the amendment or waiver. Ernest Louis Vice President – Human Resources Page 10 of 11 Asian Paints – Confidential 14 January 2011 ACKNOWLEDGMENT FOR THE EMPOYEES I have received and read the Company’s Code of Conduct and Ethics for employees. I understand and agree to comply with the standards and policies contained in the above mentioned Code of Conduct and understand that there may be additional policies or laws specific to my job. Name of the Employee Employee Code Designation Location Signature Date This form shall be made available online subsequently for you to acknowledge. Page 11 of 11 Asian Paints – Confidential 14 January 2011 How to cite Asian Paints Hr Strategy, Papers

Essay on the the Alchemist free essay sample

Essay on the The Alchemist: Name any five lessons Santiago learned and how he mastered them The Alchemist Is a Journey of exploration and self-discovery as we follow the mall character, Santiago, a young shepherd who lives In Spain, on a Journey to fulfill his personal legend. The novel shows us wisdoms and gentle reminders of how to change our lives from what they may be today into the life we have always dreamed of. The novel tells us that the fear of failure is the greatest obstacle to happiness. There is only one thing that makes a dream impossible to achieve: the fear of failure.So often we hide behind excuses of not being able to do this or that, but the real story is that we are too afraid to take a chance. It is our fear of failing or looking foolish in front of others that keeps us from being who we want to be. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on the the Alchemist or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In The Alchemist, Santiago was comfortable with being a shepherd. He knew how to be a shepherd, he trusted the sheep and they trusted him, but being a shepherd did not truly make Santiago happy. He dreamt of excellent adventures. Eventually, Santiago sold his flock of sheep and embarked on his great journey to the pyramids. He knew that by denying himself this adventure he would be denying his happiness, and so he took a leap of faith in himself and set off towards his dream. Throughout the novel, the author emphasizes life is a journey, not a destination, and that the real treasure is in the journey itself. There is only one way to learn. Its through action. Everything you need to know you have learned through your Journey. The same could be said for success or happiness. It is In the Journey where you will find your true self. Santiago dream was to make It to the pyramids, but the adventure that he found myself on in order to get to those pyramids taught him more than he ever thought possible. By the time he reached the pyramids his life had changed forever. Through the journey he found who he truly was, and he found his true happiness. The Alchemist proves that everything is possible no matter what was said or done in the past, because it is the decision you make today that matters. The secret is here in the present. If you pay attention to the present, you can improve upon it.And, if you improve on the present, what comes later will also be better. Too often we get bogged down In our past, and In memories of events that we think define us and restrict us from moving forward. The truth Is that we can decide today who we want to be. We may have some baggage, and we may have future dreams, but today is the only day where we can define who we are and what direction we When someone makes a decision, he is really diving into a strong current that will carry him to places he had never dreamed of when he first made the decision. The only life Santiago knew was being a shepherd, but one day he made a decision hat he wanted to know more. He wanted to get out of Spain and see the rest of the world, and from there the rest of the story develops. The same goes for all of us, in that the rest of our stories are based on the decisions we make today we decide to be better, we decide to be happy, we decide to be successful. It all starts with that decision. When we strive to become better than we are, everything around us becomes better too. All you have to do is contemplate a simple grain of sand, and you will see in it all the marvels of creation. Listen to your heart. It knows all things, because it came from the Soul of the World, and it will one day return there. We tend to ask others what to do, even though we already knew what we really wanted to do. We already know most of what we need to know. All we need to do is trust ourselves and be confident in our decisions. Santiago had to learn this lesson along his Journey. He spent days upon days on the back of a camel, traveling across the vast emptiness of the desert.This left him time to listen to the sounds of the desert, and to listen to what was within him. To realize ones destiny is a persons only obligation. We all make choices every day about who we are and what we are going to do with our lives, but we tend to miss out the most important one what can we do to ensure we are living the greatest life ours? No one else will provide this to us. This is something we have to own and be accountable for. Santiago made one decision to pursue his dream. He took control of what he wanted his life to look like and he followed that dream.That does not mean his path was easy. In fact, it was very difficult at times, and there were moments where he even thought about buying another flock of sheep and returning to be a shepherd. But his resiliency won out, and he continued on. Hard times will come to us all. This is a fact. But if we carry on and commit to living our greatest life no matter what, at the end of the Journey we will look back with no regrets. In The Alchemist, everything is possible when we believe in ourselves.

Expectancy vs. Equity

Introduction For organizations to achieve their respective missions, they should motivate their employees and volunteers. Thus, managers/CEOs should establish, ratify, and embrace motivational provisions within the workforce. This is applicable in all organizations (whether for-profit or not) and forms an important requirement in this context. This paper considers the merits of the expectancy and equity theories with regard to employee motivation.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Expectancy vs. Equity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This occurs in order to develop an effective incentive program meant to motivate employees, increasing productivity, and allowing the organization to fulfill its missions considerably as indicated before (Humphreys Einstein, 2004). The designed program will serve to motivate both employees and volunteers of non-profit organizations. It will also consider how to utilize monetary and non-monetary factors effectively. Identifying unique interests of the non-profit managers Evidently, managers of non-profit organizations possess unique interests meant to enable them accomplish their respective obligations. This regards organizational growth and achievement of desired objectives. Since such organizations are not aiming to make huge monetary returns (non-profit), it is important that they attain their preset objectives. This is only achievable when employees are highly motivated and strive to accomplish their respective obligations. Precisely, non-profit managers endeavor to work with limited resources, have a mission-driven workforce, attain a prosperous organization, and accomplish the organization’s obligations promptly as scheduled. As indicated before, this provision requires motivated employees and volunteers charged to accomplish their mandates in a timely manner. Additionally, there are different types and levels of personnel that the developed plan s hould recognize. In this context, any non-profit organization might have volunteers, subordinate staff, junior employees, line managers, unit managers, CEOs, and directors plus their deputies. These are major groups constituting the entire workforce; nonetheless, each group can be subdivided to suit the missions and structure of the concerned organization.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Equity, Expectancy, or Hybrid The principles of both Equity and expectancy theories can be adopted in developing a useful recognition plan for motivating employees. Equity theory indicates that employees will be motivated if they realize that the benefits (both monetary and non-monetary) they obtain from their employer (concerned non-profit organization) equal or surpass those of other organizations operating in the similar caliber. This is a critical provision when considered on the workfo rce’s context. In case the benefits are less, it is probable that employees and volunteers will be less motivated. This might interfere with their overall productivity (Klein, 1973). Conversely, expectancy theory indicates that the future prospects of employees can motivate them considerably. Creating positive expectations or outcomes for future organizational events can obviously motivate the concerned workforce. This is a crucial consideration in the entire operational and motivational contexts. Upon critical deliberations, it is important to argue that either equity theory or expectancy theory cannot be applied solitarily for developing the desired recognition plan in the realms of workforce motivation. For this matter, a hybrid approach will be quite appropriate. As employees compare their respective benefits with those of others entities (equity theory), they should also prospect positive events in future (expectancy theory). These will obviously raise their morale hence accomplishing their duties promptly. The organization will eventually obtain its missions in the similar context. Hence, combining the two theories (hybrid approach) will be contextually preferable. Explaining how Equity or Expectancy theory is more effective in motivating employees at different levels Both equity and expectancy theories are helpful in motivating employees as alleged earlier. With regard to the equity theory, it is recognizable that employees will observe the aspects of impartiality, fairness, and justice practiced by the management. If they perceive these provisions positively, they will obviously get motivated (Skiba Rosenberg, 2011). Conversely, the aspects of unfairness, inequality, and injustice will obviously demoralize the concerned workforce.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Expectancy vs. Equity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This provision indicates the applicability of equity theo ry in the context of motivation. Both equity and expectancy theories are applicable and effective in motivating employees at different levels within the organization. Both CEOs and administrative assistants require equity, fairness, and justice in their job specifications in order to perform considerably. Concurrently, Expectancy theory equally provides employees with such provisions. All employees and volunteers regardless of the rank need to have positive expectations and future organizational and individual prospects in order to remain focused and motivated in their works. The theory renders employees (the entire workforce) hopeful in their endeavors. They consequently desire to achieve the projected objectives both at personal organizational level. Justifying expectancy or equity theory in managing workforce It is justifiable that both equity and expectancy theories are viable provisions in managing workforce (from a non-profit organization in this context). This is evident in a rticulating its impacts on both paid staff and volunteer workers. Both groups need motivational provisions in their endeavors. Additionally, there should be no differences developed in the recognition programs for all categories of staff. Equity should be exercised within the entire organization and to all employees regardless of their ranks. Employees and volunteers should be treated equitably and accordingly. This is a critical condition in the entire context. Concurrently, the organization should set future prospects, which are motivating to the entire workforce. Despite the variability of job specifications among different employees, the ultimate motivational aspects should be universal for all. Presence or Absence of a reward system for organizational performance, divisional performance, individual performance, or combination Incentives and rewards are important provisions within the workforce. Their presence or absence within the organization can pose considerable impacts. Pre cisely, the presence of a viable reward system within the organization can enhance performance since employees will be highly motivated, prospective, and productive. Consequently, the organization will attain its objectives in a timely manner.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conversely, the absence of such reward systems will demoralize employees and volunteers. This will reduce organizational performance. Concurrently, similar effects will be realized with the divisional performance (Chen, Gupta Hoshower, 2006). The presence of reward systems will enhance the division performance while its absence will deprive it. When individual employees are less motivated, it is agreeable that their performances will diminish. This indicates why it is very important to establish, ratify, and nurture reward systems within non-profit organizations. How equity and expectancy theory address group versus individual goals Equity and expectancy theories tend to address group goals by advocating for uniformity in the realms of fairness, justice, and impartiality within the workforce. Additionally, they create common prospective expectations within the entire organization (Miner, 2007). Consequently, both employees and the management will endeavor to accomplish their obliga tions for the company to attain its projected missions. Individuals will equally gain their respective goals and projected motivation. Conclusion Non-profit organizations’ managers have unique interests in their endeavors. It is important to conclude that both equity and expectancy theories are applicable within non-profit organizations. This relates to benefits they offer with respect to employees’ motivation. This is a critical concern when scrutinized decisively. It is important to create a plan that addresses these provisions with vastness, precision, and appropriateness. References Chen, Y., Gupta, A. Hoshower, L. (2006). Factors that motivate business faculty to conduct research: An expectancy theory analysis. Journal of Education for Business, 81(4), 179-189. Humphreys, J. Einstein, W. (2004). Leadership and temperament congruence: Extending the expectancy model of work motivation. Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies, 10(4), 58-79. Klein, S. (1973). Pay factors as predictors to satisfaction: A comparison of reinforcement, equity, and expectancy. Academy of Management Journal (Pre-1986), 16(4), 598-598. Miner, J. (2007). Organizational behavior: New York, NY: M.E. Sharpe. Skiba, M. Rosenberg, S. (2011). The disutility of equity theory in contemporary management practice. The Journal of Business and Economic Studies, 17(2), 1-19. This report on Expectancy vs. Equity was written and submitted by user Ian U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Volkswagen Group

The Volkswagen Group Free Online Research Papers This report provides information on the Volkswagen Group. In addition to details about Group structure, describes the spectrum covered by the Volkswagen Group. My report aim to give a short look toVolkswagen Group. History of Volkswagen: In 1937 was founded the „Volkswagenwerk GmbH in Wolfsburg in Germany. After the second world war the first foreing company were establish in Canada ( Volkswagen Canada Ltd. in 1952 and then Volkswagen make a company in Brazil and in America also. In 1960s Volkswagen becomes the worlds champion when they were created The Beetle cars. The Beetle breaks the legendary production record. In 1964 Audi was join to the VW group. VW was coorporate with Sociedad Espaà ±ola de Automà ³viles de Turismo, SA (SEAT) in 1982, after they reach to opening of the Iberian market for Group.in 1990 the WV bought SKODA because they recognised that it is a good way to access to the Eastern Europe car markets.. In 1998 by acquiring Bentley Motor Cars Limited, VW expands its range in the luxury class. The Bugatti and Lamborghini brands round off the Volkswagen Groups activities in the upper range. The VW Group proudicing nowdays 151 differnt thype of models in 48 countries in the world they sell 25400 vehicals. Facts of Volkswagen Group The Volkswagen Group is one of the world’s leading automobile manufacturers and the largest carmaker in Europe. The Group is made up of eight brands from six European countries: Volkswagen, Audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini, SEAT, Skoda and Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles. Each brand has own character and operates as an independent entity on the market. The product range extends from low-consumption small cars to luxury class vehicles. In the commercial vehicle sector, the product offering spans pick ups, busses and heavy trucks also. The main factory is till in Wolsburg and in Germany. But for example they have factory in Portugal and in Hunagary also. It curios that some of the engines is made in Hungary in Audi factory which are also used in Portugal. The Brands Volkswagen Volkswagen is a German manufacturing brand of car, based in Wolfsburg, Germany. It forms the major component (in volume of sales) of the much larger Volkswagen Group. The Volkswagen name means peoples car in German. It is means this car for everyboday. So the costmers of VW are the avarge people. This mark is not meaning cheap or expensive cars this meaning that good a cars. It is represented the common people just like in Japan it is the Toyota or in America it is the Ford. The Brands of the VW: Fox: The Volkswagen Fox is a mini car. Fox is quite similar to the competitors Opel Corsa, Fiat Palio, Ford Fiesta, Renault Clio and Peugeot 206. Class in Europe: City car. This car is produced for the people who want to use the car in the city. This is the cheapest car and this car needs the lowest Petrol. So Fox is a low cost car. Polo: The Volkswagen Polo is a supermini car.It is bigger then the Fox but stil only use in the city. Golf: The fifth generation Volkswagen was unveiled at the Frankfurt Motor Show in 2003. This car is one of the main car of VW. This car is litlle more expensive then the Polo and it is in the higer quality for use in the city and cometimes further but for a family it is not enough. Normally it is use by the young people it is a sporting and dynamic car. Jetta Mk5 It is essentially the sedan version of the compact car. Jetta is a Small family car. Class: Compact Eos The Volkswagen Eos is a four-seater retractable hardtop convertible introduced in 2006 as the successor to the Volkswagen Cabrio. The Eos is Volkswagens first production sports car. This car used normally by the young dynamic sporting persons. Class Sports car Passat The Volkswagen Passat is a family car built by Volkswagen Falling between the Golf/Jetta and Phaeton.This large family car is the most important car of VW.If a costomer think about VW know this car. Passat is used by family and businessmen. Passat competitors are Pegueot 607 For Mondeo Toyota Avensis Lexus, Audi A6. Class: Large family car Phaeton The Volkswagen Phaeton is a large sedan.This car is not for the famaily car it is only for the businesmenn. Class full size luxery car Sharan The Volkswagen Sharan is a multi-purpose vehicle produced since 1995.This car for the bigger family it is for 7 person.The Sharon is the typical holiday car. Class: Large multi-purpose vehicle Touran: The Volkswagen Touran is a compact multi-purpose vehicle based on a vertically-stretched fifth generation Volkswagen Golf. Tiguan Volkswagen Tiguan is a compact crossover SUV built by the German automaker Volkswagen.A platform of the Golf. The Trend Fun and Sport Style both have maximum approach angles of 18 degrees Touareg The Volkswagen Touareg is a mid-size sport utility vehicle (SUV). Golf 763,491 Passat/Santana 751,764 Jetta/Bora 630,355 Polo 449,602 Gol 320,604 Fox 206,125 Touran 197,941 Polo Classic/Sedan 86,861 Touareg 72,477 Eos 55,560 New Beetle 40,124 Sharan 23,807 Tiguan 16,272 Phaeton 5,711 Audi Audi is a premium German automobile manufacturer and one of the worlds leading performance-luxury marques, with headquarters in Ingolstadt, Bavaria.Audi joined to Volkswagen Group in 1964.Audi company was founded in 1910. Audi brand is a cheap luxury car. Audi being a real competitor in its target market against global luxury leaders Mercedes-Benz and BMW. The Audi is not a real competiters with VW it is itnregrate it. The Audi brand is one of the world’s fastest-growing premium brands and aims to establish itself as the leader in this segment A3 The Audi A3 is an entry-level luxury car/small family car. A4 The Audi A4 is a luxury compact executive car.It is similar to the VW Passat. A5 The Audi A5 is a luxury coupà ©. Audi bilt the coupà © as a grand tourer, to compete against the likes of the BMW E92, and the Mercedes-Benz CLK-Class. A6 The Audi A6 is a mid-size executive car.It is for Busenisman. A8 The Audi A8 is a full-size luxury executive car TT The Audi TT is a sports car, R8 The Audi R8 is a mid-engined sports car introduced A6 allroad quattro The Audi allroad quattro is a mid-size executive car; Q7 The Audi Q7 is a full-size sport utility vehicle (SUV) PRODUCTION Vehicles 2007 Audi A4 289,806 A3 231,117 A6 227,502 Q7 77,395 TT Coupà © 40,417 A5 25,549 A8 22,182 A6 allroad quattro 16,340 R8 4,125 Q5 162 Total 975,290 Bentley Motors Limited is an English manufacturer of luxury automobiles and Grand Tourers. Bentley Motors was founded in England on 18 January 1919 by Walter Owen Bentley.Since 1998 the company has been owned by the Volkswagen Group. In 1998, Rolls-Royce and Bentley Motors were purchased from Vickers by Volkswagen Group for  £430 million. Bentley is prducing only luxury cars so Bentley has no differntaton neither horizantal.There is only othert type of luxary car but not really different almost only some shape and the extras is different, but the front of the car is the same. PRODUCTION Vehicles 2007 2006 Continental GT Cabriolet 4,847 Continental Flying Spur 2,270 Continental GT Coupà © 1,547 Continental GT Speed Coupà © 593 Arnage 357 Azure 350 Brooklands 8 Skoda Auto The Volkswagen Group forms a number of companies in East Germany the Czech government takeover of the venerable Ã…  KODA, automobilov a.s. in 1990. Brand recognition promised good access to the car markets of Eastern-central and Eastern Europe. The VW bought the Eastern-central market, because they realised that the people are more likely to by their owen brand even if it is worse e.g the WV. So Skoda is a competiors of VW but exatly it is not true. Mostly Skoda car are only sold in Eastern central market it is same just like the Seat cars is for the Iberian market. The models of Skoda: Roomster The Ã…  koda Roomster is a leisure activity vehicle. The Roomster is Ã…  kodas first car since the Volkswagen Groups take over of the brand that is not based on an existing Volkswagen platform.It ia the smallest car competitors of Opel Corsa. Fabia The Ã…  koda Fabia is a supermini car.It is realted by SEAT Ibiza SEAT Cà ³rdoba Volkswagen Polo Octavia The Ã…  koda Octavia is a small family car realted by SEAT Leà ³n Volkswagen Bora Superb The Ã…  koda Superb is an executive car It is based on the platform of the Volkswagen Passat and shares its mechanicals with that model. It is currently the largest and most luxurious model in Ã…  kodas lineup PRODUCTION Vehicles 2007 Octavia 319,893 Fabia 243,576 Roomster 75,875 Superb 21,339 Sum: 9,972 SEAT is a Spanish automobile manufacturer founded in 1950 by the Instituto Nacional de Industria (INI), with Fiat assistance, and now a wholly owned subsidiary of Audi AG, part of the Volkswagen Group. The acronym SEAT stands for Sociedad Espaà ±ola de Automà ³viles de Turismo. Today, SEAT reinforces its race-bred, and aggressive image, with sporty-styled cars, such as Ibiza and Leà ³n, which have made the brand very popular among teenagers.The SEAT is producing car for the Iberian markets mostly. Ibiza Leon Altea/Toledo Cordoba Alhambra PRODUCTION Vehicles 2007 Ibiza 172,206 Leon 120,630 Altea/Toledo 76,121 Cordoba 29,747 Alhambra 14,242 412,946 PRODUCTION Lamborghini Gallardo Spyder 1,015 1,025 Gallardo 936 626 Murcià ©lago 423 323 Murcià ©lago Roadster 206 121 2,580 Facts(2007): Production of vehicals 6213000 Employees 329300 Sales revenue 108 millon Euro Production by Brands 2007/2006 This grapics shows that the main profil of the company is the Volkswagen cars which is widly used. Then come the Audi with a higher qulity and price. In the third sectoin it is the Skoda which is lower quality than the Volkswagen. Im the fourth part it is the SEAT which is for the Iberian market. The last one is the two luxary brand the Bently is for the rich old people and the Lamborghini for the dinamic young rich people. The Commercial Vehicles is in another part because it is not belonging to the normal persons it is for the companies. Innovation Shaping the future is a fascinating challenge for industry and society. Our automotive future is formed by social conditions and trends. It is our task to anticipate the future needs of our customers and to convert these needs into innovative technologies. The technological challenges of the future can only mastered by intensive research and networked cooperation both inside and outside the company. Our mission is to continue meeting our customers’ wishes for individual and affordable mobility through sustainable technologies. We work together with our partners to achieve this goal. Group Research has its headquarters in Wolfsburg and researches for all Group brands. International trendscouting and technology scouting form part of our strategic orientation and we also operate from research bases in the US, Japanese and Chinese markets. Research Papers on The Volkswagen GroupThe Fifth HorsemanMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductTwilight of the UAWAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaDefinition of Export QuotasAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Assess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeQuebec and CanadaCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self

Toxic Contributory Factors Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Toxic Contributory Factors - Assignment Example According to the Success Chain (2010), â€Å"at Fannie, CEO Franklin Raines and other executives hid problems in order to get huge pay bonuses. Money was coming in, so no one questioned the faulty lending system. Libertarian activist Fred Smith told CNN that it was a case of â€Å"honorable people acting in ways that don’t appear honorable† — greed being the culprit that twisted their perception of right and wrong. Raines received $20 million in compensation after departing Fannie Mae† (Success Chain, 2010, par. 1). Another toxic organization situation was revealed by Burke & Cooper (n.d.) cited â€Å"Maria Piresferreira was awarded more than Can$500,000 by the courts in response to her complaint of physical and verbal abuse. The manager yelled at her, swore at her, accused her of not doing her job, asked her to get away from him, and pushed her away. Her employer’s human resources department (Bell Mobility) did not support her. The judge ruled tha t companies had to take reasonable action to ensure that employees would not be subjected to physical or verbal abuse or intimidation† (National Post, 2008, FP13 cited by Burke & Cooper, n.d., 21). Impact of Toxic Contributory Factors The discourse presented by Burke & Cooper enumerated financial costs of toxic contributory factors as follows: â€Å"for individuals—increased healthcare costs, job loss, loss of personal reputation, and loss of livelihood; for organizations—loss of reputation, staff turnover, diminished job performance, reduced turnover, and potential legal liabilities; for society—increased healthcare costs, income support for those losing their jobs, rehabilitation costs for those injured at... The assignment "Contributing Factors" addresses the following concerns: what impact did the toxic contributing factors have on the community, city, country, etc.; and what organizational checks and balances were missing. The discourse presented by Burke & Cooper enumerated financial costs of toxic contributory factors as follows: â€Å"for individuals—increased health care costs, job loss, loss of personal reputation, and loss of livelihood; for organizations—loss of reputation, staff turnover, diminished job performance, reduced turnover, and potential legal liabilities; for society—increased health care costs, income support for those losing their jobs, rehabilitation costs for those injured at work, and a lack of trust in institutions†. Further, the pain and the trauma caused by toxic factors inflict psychological harm to individuals. In the case of Frannie Mae, there were clear failure to countercheck the CEO’s activities from internal and external auditing units to immediately discover the alleged cover-up of the dilemma. As indicated by Gordon, â€Å"the regulators alleged an accounting fraud at Washington-based Fannie Mae that included manipulations to reach quarterly earnings targets so that Raines, Howard, Spencer and other company executives could pocket hundreds of millions in bonuses from 1998 to 2004†. In Bell Mobility’s case, there was a lack of performance evaluation and appraisals for managers to reveal the nature of their behavior and performance at work.

Spss Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Spss - Essay Example The coefficient of correlation r is 0.004877, which shows a weak positive correlation between the total revenue and C.E.O’s annual salary. If total revenue increases the annual salary of the C.E.O’s also increases slightly. The U.S. Senate passed S. 1023, the "Travel Promotion Act of 2009" (TPA) in September, 2009. TPA calls for the establishment of the Corporation for Travel Promotion as an independent nonprofit corporation to promote leisure, business and scholarly visits to the U.S. In October, the U.S. House of Representatives passed the Travel Promotion Act (H.R. 1035), sending this bill back to the Senate for one last vote. The U.S. Senate finally passed this Bill (78 to 10) on February 25, 2010 and President Obama signed the Travel Promotion Act of 2009 into law on March 4, 2010. This Act calls for the creation of the Corporation for Travel Promotion (now Brand USA) which will allocate financial resources to promote the U.S. as an international destination. The promotion is funded through a matching program featuring up to $100 million in private sector contributions and a $10 fee on foreign travelers who do not pay $131 for a visa to enter the United States. The fee will be collected once every two years in conjunction with the Department of Homeland Security’s Electronic System for Travel Authorization. No money is provided by U.S. taxpayers.  It is estimated that international promotion will generate 1.6 million addition international visitors to the U.S. and create $1.6 billion in visitor spending annually. Japan is targeted as one of the major countries for aggressive promotion by the Tourism Industries Office in the Department of Commerce and Brand USA (the newly created public and private partnership responsible for marketing USA implemented by the Travel Promotion Act). As a tourism market analyst specialized in Japan inbound travel to the U.S., you

Music Sampling and Copyright Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Music Sampling and Copyright Law - Essay Example No one took advantage of these technologies more effectively than Public Enemy, who put hundreds of sampled aural fragments into It Takes a Nation and stirred them up to create a new, radical sound that changed the way we hear music. But by 1991, no one paid zero for the records they sampled without getting sued. They had to pay a lot. (McLeod, #20). Digital audio sampling poses several interesting challenges to existing property laws and by looking at the specific case of rap music, a form that is in many ways based on the opportunities presented by sampling technology, these confrontations are highlighted. (Shumacher, 1995) Before one attempts to co-relate the concepts of Copyright Laws and Music Sampling, it would be prudent to understand each of the concepts in terms of their history and origin (based on need). Only then will a co-relation between the two concepts be more comprehensible. Copyright law was established in the Constitution to "promote science and the useful arts." In the age of digital formats for music, copyright law makes it illegal for "bootleggers" to commit audio piracy by copying works of music without paying the Here is a simple case in study of the intricacies related to US Copyright Laws. Shirley Dixon was thirteen years old in 1976, when she first played the Led Zeppelin song "Whole Lotta Love" for her father. Shirley had borrowed the 1960 album Led Zeppelin II from a friend because the hit song from it reminded her

Background And Rationale Of The Study English Language Essay

Background And Rationale Of The Study English Language Essay Language assessment is an instrument for language teachers to identify the students strengths and weaknesses in language learning, to place the student into a program and to measure the use of English in four basic skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking). The assessment can be done by such methods as tests, interviews, or observations. For language teachers, the tests provide evidence of the results of learning and instruction, and hence feedback on the effectiveness of the teaching program (Bachman Palmer, 1996, p. 8). The test results enable the students to develop their performance in language learning effectively. In addition, it is very important to select the most suitable language tests which respond to the specific goals of teaching. Language teachers should also understand the functions and the characteristics of the language tests thoroughly. Many practitioners and researchers in language testing (Bachman Palmer, 1996; Brown, 1996; Hughes, 2003; McNamara, 2000) categorize four kinds of language tests based on the test purposes and functions as follows: (1) Proficiency Tests are designed to measure general language skills, including speaking, listening, reading and writing. In addition, proficiency tests generally help teachers to set up entrance and exit standards for a curriculum (Brown, 1996, p. 9). For instance, the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) and International English Language Testing System (IELTS) are currently used by many universities where English language proficiency is required. (2) Achievement Tests are aimed at the degree of learning or how much progress the students have made (McNamara, 2000). So achievement tests are directly relevant to the goals of learning and instruction. These tests can be given in the middle or at the end of the program (Hughes, 2003; McNamara, 2000). (3) Diagnostic Tests are established to analyze the students strengths and weaknesses in the learning process (Brown, 1996; Hughes, 2003). These tests are conducted at the beginning of the program (Brown, 1996). (4) Placement Tests are focused on screening the students to see whether they can study in a program and grouping the students in the same level of language proficiency (Hughes, 2003). Hence, the results of these tests will enable the teachers to accurately place the students entering any institution or program (Bachman Palmer, 1996). In addition to a clear understanding of the functions and the characteristics of language tests, language teachers have to understand the construction of those tests. There are two approaches which have an influence on test construction: the discrete-point approach and the integrative approach (Hughes, 2003). For the discrete-point approach, language teachers view each language component separately, measuring one language skill at a time, such as testing grammar or vocabulary (Brown, 1996; McNamara, 2000). In language testing, discrete-point tests emphasize language form rather than language use (McNamara, 2000). However, the discrete-point test results focusing on a single language component are inadequate to determine the students language proficiency (Jitendra Rohena-Diaz, 1996). As a consequence, Oller (1979) suggests that teachers should construct language tests using the integrative approach instead. In the integrative approach, the language teachers view language as a whole, emphasizing both productive and receptive skills (Brown, 1996; Hughes, 2003; McNamara, 2000). Integrative tests, such as cloze, dictation, writing an essay, and interview, can measure several skills simultaneously (Brown, 1996; Hughes, 2003). Moreover, integrative tests are suitable for assessing language proficiency and communicative skills (Brown, 1996; McNamara, 2000). McNamara (2000) contends that integrative tests take a lot of time to construct and score, as shown in Table 1. However, cloze tests are reported to be less time consuming, easier to score, and more reliable in measuring students English language proficiency (Oller, 1979). The cloze test was initiated by Taylor (1953, cited in Oller Conrad, 1971). Originally, there were two kinds of cloze tests: a rational cloze and a random cloze (see Example 1). The former refers to the deletion of specific types of words in a selected passage, such as prepositions or articles. The latter deals with a consistent deletion of every nth word, such as every fifth or seventh word. The students task is to fill in the deleted part in the cloze passage. Cloze tests can measure grammatical structure, written expression and vocabulary as well as reading comprehension (Steinman, 2002). In addition, some studies (Aitken, 1977; Oller Conrad, 1971; Oller, 1979; Stubbs Tucker, 1974) indicate that the cloze test is an effective instrument which is reliable and valid to measure English language proficiency. But the different deletion rates have an effect on the validity and the measurement of the cloze test (Alderson, 1979, 1980, 1983, 2000). Klein-Braley (1997) adds that the dele tion rates used in cloze tests require long passages. If a cloze test with the deletion of every fifth word provides 50 items, the text length should be at least 250 words (Oller, 1979). This problem has led to the development a new form of the cloze test which is called the C-Test. The C-Test, one of the new cloze tests, was constructed by Raatz and Klein-Braley (1981) in order to see if it could be more effective than the original cloze tests in measuring the students English language proficiency. The construction of the C-Test is based on the same principle as that of the cloze test; however, only the second half of every second word is deleted as can be seen in Example 2. In the C-Test, if the deleted word contains an even number of letters, the second half of this word will be deleted, such as exper i e n c e (10 letters). For a word with an odd number of letters, its larger part must be deleted, such as th e r e (5 letters). Moreover, many research studies indicate that the C-Test is more effective and more reliable than the original cloze (Connelly, 1997; DÃ ¶rnyei Katona, 1992; Klein-Braley, 1985, 1997), and yet, DÃ ¶rnyei and Katona (1992) report that the C-Test is too difficult for non-native students studying a target language such as English. As a result, Thongsa-nga (1998) adopted the original C-Test to make it suitable for Thai students studying English as a foreign language. Imitating the C-Test construction, Thongsa-nga (1998) proposed the New C-Test (the NC-Test) by deleting the second half of every third word in order to provide more clues for the non-native test takers, as can be seen in Example 2. According to the investigation of Thongsa-nga (1998), the NC-Test is employed as a proficiency test for non-native students at a secondary school level. The findings reveal that the NC-Test is reliable to assess the English language proficiency of these Thai Mathayomsuksa Six students. As far as this researcher has been able to establish, there has been no research investigating the use of the NC-Test for non-native university students in Thailand. So the present study is designed to examine the similarities and the differences in using the C-Test and the NC-Test in measuring the English language proficiency of first-yea r Thai undergraduate students. Another form of the cloze test, the Modified C-Test (the MC-Test), also known as the X-Test, was invented by Boonsathorn in 1987 (cited in Boonsathorn, 1990, p. 46). For the MC-Test, the first half of every second word is deleted (see Example 3). In the MC-Test, if the total number letters of the deleted word is an even number, the first half of this word will be deleted, such as d i s a gree (8 letters). For a word with an odd number of letters, its larger part will be deleted, such as o t h er. According to Boonsathorn (1987), the first half deletion in the MC-Test compares with the C-Test. His study reports that the MC-Test is more difficult and discriminates better than the C-Test. Some research findings show that the MC-Test has high reliability and validity and can be used with advanced students (KÃ ¶berl Sigott, 1996; Prapphal, 1994; Sigott KÃ ¶berl, 1993; Wonghiransombat, 1998). So the MC-Test should be further investigated to see its strengths and weaknesses in assessing English language skills. The MC-Test can be an alternative type for a better assessment of the English language proficiency of Thai undergraduate students, although the study of Sigott and KÃ ¶berl (1993) claims that the MC-Test is more difficult for non-native speakers. Wonghiransombat (1998) then proposed the New Modified C-Test (the NMC-Test) in order to make the original MC-Test appropriate for non-native students (p. 23). The construction of the NMC-Test is based on the same principle as the MC-Test; however, the first half of every third word is deleted to provide more clues as shown in Example 3. In addition, Wonghiransombat (1998) reports that the NMC-Test with the third starting point, or the third-word deletion, is easier and has better discrimination than the original MC-Test. Her study, the only research done in Thailand to examine the use of the MC-Test and the NMC-Test at the postgraduate level, also shows that the NMC-Test can be utilized to measure English language proficiency of Thai postgraduate students. Therefore, the present study is also aimed at examining the similarities and the differences in using the original MC-Test and the NMC-Test in measuring English language proficiency of the Thai undergraduate students. In addition to the construction of new language tests, language teachers should further investigate the students test-taking strategies in order to validate the language test and to examine what language abilities the test can measure (Cohen, 1994, 1998). Test-taking strategies can be defined as the processes that the test takers make use of in order to produce acceptable answers to questions and tasks, as well as the perceptions that they have about these questions and tasks before, during, and after responding to them (Cohen, 1998, p. 216). For instance, some students read an entire cloze passage before filling in the missing parts (Cohen, 1998). Moreover, the perceptions of language tests and test-taking strategies of the students with high- or low-language-ability are different (Cohen, 1984; Sasaki, 2000; Yamashita, 2003). As far as the present researcher has been able to determine, there has been no investigation in Thailand on cloze test-taking strategies. Therefore, cloze comp letion processes are also included in this study to examine the strategies used in taking the C-Test, the MC-Test, the NC-Test, and the NMC-Test for non-native undergraduate students. In conclusion, this research is aimed at comparing the new cloze formats (the NMC-Test and the NC-Test) with the older cloze formats (the MC-Test and the C-Test) and to examine the similarities and the differences in these four tests for Thai undergraduate students. Also, this study focuses on examining what test-taking strategies or procedures the students use while responding to the different types of cloze tests. 1.2 Purpose of the Study The present study aims to investigate the differences in the four types of the cloze tests by comparing the use of the MC-Test with that of NMC-Test, and the use of the C-Test with that of the NC-Test. In order to understand the cloze test-taking strategies, the study is also designed to find out to what extent undergraduate students use seven test-taking strategies while answering the different types of cloze tests. The strategies are based on the latest categorization of Sasaki (2000). The new cloze tests including the C-Test, the NC-Test, the MC-Test, and the NMC-Test were taken by first-year science students at Mahidol University in the first semester of academic year 2003. Therefore, the research questions are posed as follows: Does the NMC-Test yield different results from the original MC-Test in measuring students language proficiency? Does the NC-Test yield different results from the original C-Test in measuring students language proficiency? Does using every third-word deletion of the NMC-Test and the NC-Test affect the discrimination power of the test? What test-taking strategies do the first-year undergraduate students in the Faculty of Science at Mahidol University use while taking the C-Test, the MC-Test, the NMC-Test, and the NC-Test? 1.3 Significance of the Study This study is designed to compare the new cloze formats, including the original C-Test with the NC-Test, and the original MC-Test with the NMC-Test. The results of this study may provide an alternative way for language teachers to measure the English language proficiency of Thai undergraduate students learning EFL. Test-taking strategies are also studied to enable the language teachers to understand how effectively the students respond to the new types of cloze passage. 1.4 Scope and Limitation of the Study (1) The study is limited to first year science students at Mahidol University in the first semester of the academic year 2003. The results cannot be generalized to other students, at other university levels, and in other areas. (2) The study focuses on first-year science students with high- and low-language-ability based on the English Entrance Examination scores, which were reported by the coordinator of the science program. (3) Only exact word scoring is employed in this study. (4) It is assumed that all of the first-year science students have had some background knowledge of English up to Mathayomsuksa Six. 1.5 Definitions of Terms Cloze test refers to a test in which the entire words are rationally or randomly deleted and the student is asked to fill in the missing words (Boonsathorn, 1990, 2000; Wonghiransombat, 1998). C-Test is a test in which the second part or the second half of every second word is deleted and the students task is to fill in the deleted parts (Boonsathorn, 1990; Klein-Braley, 1985). New C-Test (NC-Test) is a test in which the second part or the second half of every third word is deleted and the student is required to fill in the missing parts (Thongsa-nga, 1998). New Modified C-Test (NMC-Test) is a test in which the first part or the first half of every third word is deleted and the students task is to fill in the missing parts (Wonghiransombat, 1998). Modified C-Test (MC-Test) is a test in which the first part or the first half of every second word is deleted and the student is required to fill in the deleted parts (Boonsathorn, 1990, 2000; Wonghiransombat, 1998). Readability refers to how easily written materials can be read and understood. Readability depends on many factors, including (a) the average length of sentences in a passage, (b) the number of new words a passage contains, and (c) the grammatical complexity of the language used. Procedures used for measuring readability are known as readability formulae (Richards, Platt, Platt, 1993, p. 306). Test-taking strategies are the processes that the test takers make use of in order to produce acceptable answers to questions and tasks, as well as the perceptions that they have about these questions and tasks before, during, and after responding to the test (Cohen, 1998, p. 216).

Scrooge in A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens Essay -- Christmas Car

Scrooge in A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens The novel, ‘A Christmas Carol’, is more than just a mere story instead it tries to expose the negative side of Victorian society and the reason behind this horror, the greed of the wealthy, through the development of the character Scrooge. All this while attempting to prompt readers with Scrooge’s similar wealth to make a change. As mentioned earlier, the development of Scrooge’s character is vital to this and I will explain how his character develops as the story proceeds and how it is used to accomplish the aim as mentioned above. In the first stave, Dickens tries to point out that Scrooge is a character that society considers negative. In the introduction, Dickens points out Scrooge’s wealth to immediately aim any point about society not only to average people but in particular to people of Scrooge’s similar wealth, he does this by describing Scrooge as ‘an excellent man of business on the very day of the funeral’, this not only proves Scrooge’s wealth but also that Scrooge is a cold character, the first hint of the truly negative character of Scrooge to be revealed later in this stave, since he has the heart to do business on the day of the funeral of his long time business partner. What makes this worse is that Marley was Scrooge’s equal in terms of character as far as the story goes since Dickens chose to describe what Scrooge meant to Marley as ‘his sole executor, his sole administrator, his sole friend and his sole mourner’, therefore since Scrooge showed little sympathy in the death of ‘his equal’ it gives the readers a sense of cannibalism since Scrooge is practically turning his back on Marley in his death. Even in the introduction, Dickens ... ...as changed as Scrooge is not usually earnest at all. Not only which, Scrooge seems to be a lot happier after this change as proven by the quote â€Å"Oh, glorious.† This is Scrooge describing the environment, in his description he describes it positively showing a sign that he is happier. This is important as it is a signal to readers in Scrooge’s financial situation that they will be happier after the change. My conclusion is that Scrooge’s character is used by Dickens to represent an exgaratted stereotypical version of the Victorian wealthy businessman who is greedy. The story is not only an attempt by Dickens to tell these businessmen what they are missing out on by being greedy(as proven by Scrooge’s happiness after the change) but also meant to expose the unfairness in Society where the rich who can do the most to improve lives do not even try to do so.